Value of a Firm (Using Operating Free Cash Flows)

The value of the firm is measured as the sum of the value of the firm’s equity and the value of the debt. Any firm’s objective is to maximize its value for the shareholders. The value of the firm can be measured as the present value of the operating free cash flows over time.

The value of the firm can be expressed using the following formula:

 Where:

V is the Value of the firmOFCF is the Operating Free Cash Flow After TaxAnd WACC is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital 

The Operating Free Cash Flow (OFCF) is measured as:OFCF = Revenue – Operating Expenses – Capital Expenditure

The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is measured as:

 Where:

r_e = Cost of equity
r_d = Cost of debt
E = Value of the firm’s equity
D = Value of the firm’s debt
V = E + D
E/V = Percentage of equity financing
D/V = Percentage of debt financing
t = Tax rate 

The expected future cash flows of a firm can also be expressed as a perpetuity. In that case, the firm’s value can simply be expressed as: